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We’re diving deep into the why behind retained primitive reflexes. These early movement patterns are essential in infancy—but when they don’t integrate properly, they can lead to challenges with regulation, development, and everyday functioning.
We cover some of the most common causes of retained reflexes, including:
Neurological immaturity
Birth trauma or complications during delivery
Lack of early movement (think: limited tummy time or crawling)
Environmental stressors during pregnancy
Prematurity and other perinatal factors
Genetic predispositions
We also highlight insights from Sally Goddard Blythe’s work on neuromotor immaturity and how these retained reflexes can show up in both kids and adults.
We also respond to a thoughtful question from a literacy coach about a 5-year-old with ADHD. We explore possible sensory and neurological factors at play—and share ideas for supporting regulation and integration through movement.
This is a must-listen for parents, therapists, and educators who want to better understand the foundational role of reflexes in child development.
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Neuromotor Immaturity in Children and Adults by Sally Goddard Blyth
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Primitive reflexes are automatic movements that originate in the brainstem and are essential for survival and development in infancy. These reflexes should naturally integrate, or fade away, as a child grows and gains voluntary control of their body.
But what happens when they don’t? Retained primitive reflexes can affect everything from motor coordination to behavior and learning.
Primitive reflexes begin forming around the 20 to 30 week mark of pregnancy. These early reflexes support vital survival functions and set the stage for healthy sensory and motor development.
When development is disrupted in utero, the risk of retained reflexes later in life increases.
Some influences during pregnancy can interfere with healthy neurological development:
Severe Viral Infections (especially in the first 12 weeks or between 26-30 weeks).
Hyperemesis Gravidarum (extreme morning sickness).
Drug or Alcohol Exposure.
Radiation Exposure (frequent ultrasounds, x-rays, cancer treatments).
Severe Maternal Stress or Trauma (chronic stress affects fetal cortisol levels).
In Utero Stroke.
IVF Conception (due to potential interference with natural developmental timelines).
These events may delay or impair the formation of essential reflexes.
The birth process helps trigger primitive reflexes. If altered, this can lead to incomplete reflex development:
Premature Birth (especially before 30 weeks).
Fast or Prolonged Labor.
Assisted Delivery (vacuum extraction, forceps).
Induced Labor.
Cesarean Section (C-section).
Birth Trauma or Fetal Distress (e.g., cord wrapped around neck, low Apgar score).
During vaginal birth, reflexes like the spinal galant, ATNR, and moro are stimulated. Without this natural process, reflexes may not be properly activated or integrated.
A child’s environment and experiences in the first year of life are crucial for reflex integration:
Feeding Difficulties (trouble latching, reflux, colic).
Delayed Motor Milestones (rolling, crawling, walking).
Minimal Floor Time / Excessive Container Use (swings, bouncers, car seats).
Jaundice.
Adverse Vaccine Reactions (based on individual response; not a general claim).
Without adequate movement and sensory input, reflexes may remain active longer than intended.
If you recognize some of these factors in your child’s early history, please know this doesn’t guarantee retained reflexes. Rather, it may be a signal to explore further.
Retained reflexes are common and treatable with the right interventions. The more you know, the more effectively you can support your child’s development.
One listener asked about a 5-year-old with ADHD who obsessively crashes toy cars, loves water balloons, wets the bed at night, and twirls his hair while drinking water.
Spinal Galant Reflex may be involved in bedwetting.
Proprioceptive Needs are high (seeking input through crashing).
Self-Regulation Strategies like oral motor input (twirling hair and drinking water).
Limit fluids before bed.
Try vibrating tools (e.g., Z-Vibe) or oral motor activities.
Offer heavy work activities (jumping, crashing, pushing weighted objects).
Consider ankle weights or vibrating plates for full-body sensory input.
Use sensory checklists and explore a sensory diet plan.
Retained reflexes are not a life sentence—they are an opportunity for support and growth. With the right awareness, tools, and consistency, you can help your child unlock better focus, improved coordination, and a calmer daily routine.
Remember, every child is unique, and so is their developmental journey. You’re not alone. Harkla is here to support you every step of the way.
BORING, BUT NECESSARY LEGAL DISCLAIMERS
While we make every effort to share correct information, we are still learning. We will double-check all of our facts, but realize that medicine is a constantly changing science and art. One doctor/therapist may have a different way of doing things from another. We are simply presenting our views and opinions on how to address common sensory challenges, health-related difficulties, and what we have found to be beneficial, which will be as evidence-based as possible. By listening to this podcast, you agree not to use this podcast as medical advice to treat any medical condition in either yourself or your children. Consult your child’s pediatrician/ therapist for any medical issues that he or she may be having. This entire disclaimer also applies to any guests or contributors to the podcast. Under no circumstances shall Rachel Harrington, Harkla, Jessica Hill, or any guests or contributors to the podcast, as well as any employees, associates, or affiliates of Harkla, be responsible for damages arising from use of the podcast.
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This podcast should not be used in any legal capacity whatsoever, including but not limited to establishing “standard of care” in a legal sense or as a basis for expert witness testimony. No guarantee is given regarding the accuracy of any statements or opinions made on the podcast.
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