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The term "sensory" is all the rage right now on social media and in the classroom. But what does that even mean? Does it apply to you or your child?
What do you need to know about sensory diets to help your child thrive across all environments?
Are you the person chewing gum or fidgeting with a pen during a meeting at work? Do you ever take a walk or drink coffee to stay alert and make it through the afternoon? Maybe you bounce your feet under the table or have a serious commitment to working out?
When you do these things, you’re providing your body with the sensory input it needs to remain focused and attentive throughout the day.
Who would have thought?
It’s our natural instinct to regulate and do what we need in order to feel most alert and focused.
For children with sensory processing challenges, they might need more oral input than just chewing gum. They might seem like they’re bouncing off the walls. They might refuse to touch "normal" things that could get their hands or face messy. Without exposure to the input they need or refuse, they will likely struggle to demonstrate expected behavior, remain alert, and keep their bodies organized and in control. They might become overstimulated and hide from sensory input as well.
According to the Star Institute, “Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) exists when sensory signals are either not detected or don't get organized into appropriate responses.”
We like to think of these signals as roads throughout the body. When there’s a lot of traffic, maybe a traffic jam, and the cars aren’t able to efficiently drive where they need to be, it causes quite a conundrum!
Unfortunately, SPD is not a recognized diagnosis in the DSM-5… yet! We are hopeful that one day it will be. However, it’s important to note that anyone can have sensory processing challenges without an official diagnosis.
If you'd like to learn more about Sensory Processing Disorder, we wrote a longer post breaking it down: The Ultimate Guide to Sensory Processing Disorder
The first tool to help children struggling with sensory processing is empathy. Recognizing and understanding that what they’re feeling is REAL. They need to feel validated and heard, and they need to know that you're there to help them.
Imagine the sound of nails running down a chalkboard. You know that feeling you get in your spine? Goosebumps. Maybe your shoulders elevate and you can’t tolerate it for more than a second before you get up and walk away.
That’s a good representation of how individuals feel with SPD and sensory processing challenges. That’s why we say empathize!
But we have to remember, EVERYONE has a sensory system and we all process those messages uniquely to our own nervous system!
We like to say, “Put your sensory goggles on!” There are sensory experiences to be aware of in every moment of every day. When you start to see the world with your Sensory Goggles on, you will appreciate the sensory system so much more!
Some people can tolerate other people chewing nearby. Others have to leave the room. Some people can tolerate pumpkin guts touching their hands when carving a pumpkin, others will gag. There’s a difference between having some sensory quirks and having true SPD.
Sensory processing challenges will affect each person differently. When a person is "diagnosed’ with SPD (remember, SPD isn't a true diagnosis, but more of a description of the person’s needs), they often don’t recognize or understand the sensory input they need to regulate their body and mind. When a person simply has a sensory quirk or some sensory processing challenges, it likely won’t impact their ability to function on a daily basis. They can give their body what they need, such as chewing gum or fidgeting with a pen, like we talked about earlier.
When the sensory challenges significantly impact the person’s ability to get through daily tasks, such as getting dressed, eating meals, going to the bathroom, or brushing their teeth, it becomes an issue that needs to be addressed.
An Occupational Therapist (OT) and an Occupational Therapy Assistant (OTA) will evaluate your child’s sensory system and create a treatment plan for the child receiving services. Based on a variety of standardized tests, clinical observations, and rapport building, a sensory diet can be created for the child.
So you’ve heard the term "sensory diet". But what the heck does that even mean?!
A sensory diet has nothing to do with food!
A Sensory Diet is a treatment plan full of sensory activities which tailored to the child so they receive the specific sensory input they need. The idea is to get the body and brain into a “just right” state of arousal.
If you’re familiar with The Zones of Regulation, this would mean being in the Green Zone. Check out The Zones of Regulation! If you use the Alert Program, this would mean being in the Just Right section.Children with sensory processing challenges typically need more input than they receive on a daily basis, which is why we see “behaviors”. These children are oftentimes labeled as the “naughty” or “bad” kids.
A Sensory Diet is designed to give the child the input they need, at different times throughout the day for specific activities -- school, homework, meal time, and bedtime. The idea is to incorporate these different physical and sensory activities into the daily routine, throughout the day.
They need to be fun and motivating to the child -- so the child doesn’t refuse but instead feels HAPPY and CONFIDENT. We want the child to recognize how great they feel when they are regulated and how beneficial these activities are for them.
Frequency is important to help the child’s sensory system maintain that “just right” state while also not getting overloaded.
Intensity of various activities depends on the child and how much input their body needs.
Sensory Diet activities should:
The OT and/or OTA can help design a sensory diet specific to the child.
Children with high arousal levels may need lots of proprioceptive based activities. Proprioceptive input is calming to the sensory and nervous system. Things that involve pushing, pulling, or "heavy work" are considered good proprioceptive input.
By the age of 10, children can do well with 10-minute breaks about every 2 hours. This means completing a sensory diet routine every 2-3 hours.
Keep track of how the child’s affect changes. Are they more focused? More dysregulated? This will help the OT/OTA determine if changes need to be made to the Sensory Diet.
Younger children and those with cognitive impairments may need input more frequently. Sensory Seekers typically need longer breaks- sensory diets with a longer duration- than Over-Responders or Under-Responders.
For more information on the subtypes of Sensory Modulation, check out this podcast episode!
Proprioceptive Input:
Here’s a list of some of our favorite products we use during sensory diets:
For more in-depth information on sensory diets, make sure to check out our podcast and our Sensory DietCrash Course.
These books are also a must read. They are full of helpful information and activity ideas:
We love using the Brainworks Sensory Diet creator tool to make specific Sensory Diets for our clients. Simply drag and drop the sensory diet picture card, print, laminate, add velcro dots, and you have yourself a sensory diet! They also have pre-packaged and printed resources to use as well! Here’s a free webinarto help get you started!
Keep in mind, your child can have severe adverse reactions to sensory activities without knowing what their sensory needs are. Here’s a simple sensory diet checklist you can fill out to learn more about their unique sensory preferences… and yours too!
Unsure if your child has sensory challenges or not?
We created this Sensory Challenge Quiz to see if your child may have sensory challenges which a sensory diet may help with!
If you're really ready to dive deep on Sensory Diets then our sensory diet course is a great place to start.
We run you through the different types of sensory inputs and how to tell which one your child needs right now. This is the best way to start implementing a personalized sensory diet at home for your child.
Or, if you're an OT, COTA, or educator looking to expand your sensory toolbox, this course is very helpful for that!
Click here to learn more about the Sensory Diet Course!
Make sure you’re working to reach your child’s sensory threshold! If they’re jumping off the walls and seem out of control, give them a structured activity that gives them that same input, rather than implementing an activity to try to calm them down.
Their sensory system is telling them that they need more input, more jumping, running, crashing, etc. Once you’ve provided the sensory input and met their threshold, then you can implement more of the ‘just right’ or ‘calm down’ activities to regulate their system.
There’s no one size fits all approach to sensory diets. It takes consistency and patience to identify if a protocol is working or not. We suggest trying one sensory diet consistently for 2 weeks before modifying it or giving up completely.
Before you start implementing a sensory diet, we HIGHLY recommend consulting with an Occupational Therapist, like we discussed earlier. If your child’s sensory challenges are impeding their ability to get through daily tasks, they could benefit from the resources an OT has to share with you.
If you've had success with using a sensory diet to meet your child's needs, we'd love to hear about it!
If you found this article useful, you may like our other articles about Sensory Processing Disorder:
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The Moro reflex is one of many infant primitive reflexes. If it isn't integrated at the right time, it can result in hypersensitivity, adverse reactions to small problems, focus, and concentration, and overall anxiety. Read our article to learn more about the Moro reflex, symptoms of when it doesn't integrate, and ways to help promote integration of the Moro reflex.
